Text of WA HB 1052 (2025)

AN ACT Relating to clarifying a hate crime offense; and amending 1 RCW 9A.36.080. 2 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON: 3 Sec. 1. RCW 9A.36.080 and 2024 c 34 s 1 are each amended to read 4 as follows: 5 (1) A person is guilty of a hate crime offense if the person 6 maliciously and intentionally commits one of the following acts in 7 whole or in part because of their perception of another person's 8 race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, gender, sexual 9 orientation, gender expression or identity, or mental, physical, or 10 sensory disability: 11 (a) Assaults another person; 12 (b) Causes physical damage to or destruction of the property of 13 another; or 14 (c) Threatens a specific person or group of persons and places 15 that person, or members of the specific group of persons, in 16 reasonable fear of harm to person or property. The fear must be a 17 fear that a reasonable person would have under all the circumstances. 18 For purposes of this section, a "reasonable person" is a reasonable 19 person who is a member of the victim's race, color, religion, 20 ancestry, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, or who has 21 H-0028.1 HOUSE BILL 1052 State of Washington 69th Legislature 2025 Regular Session By Representative Ryu Prefiled 12/12/24. p. 1 HB 1052 the same gender expression or identity, or the same mental, physical, 1 or sensory disability as the victim. Words alone do not constitute a 2 hate crime offense unless the context or circumstances surrounding 3 the words indicate the words are a threat. Threatening words do not 4 constitute a hate crime offense if it is apparent to the victim that 5 the person does not have the ability to carry out the threat. 6 (2) In any prosecution for a hate crime offense, unless evidence 7 exists which explains to the trier of fact's satisfaction that the 8 person did not intend to threaten the victim or victims, the trier of 9 fact may infer that the person intended to threaten a specific victim 10 or group of victims because of the person's perception of the 11 victim's or victims' race, color, religion, ancestry, national 12 origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender expression or identity, or 13 mental, physical, or sensory disability if the person commits one of 14 the following acts: 15 (a) Burns a cross on property of a victim who is or whom the 16 actor perceives to be of African American heritage; 17 (b) Defaces property of a victim who is or whom the actor 18 perceives to be of Jewish heritage by defacing the property with a 19 Nazi emblem, symbol, or hakenkreuz; 20 (c) Defaces religious real property with words, symbols, or items 21 that are derogatory to persons of the faith associated with the 22 property; 23 (d) Places a vandalized or defaced religious item or scripture on 24 the property of a victim who is or whom the actor perceives to be of 25 the faith with which that item or scripture is associated; 26 (e) Damages, destroys, or defaces religious garb or other faith- 27 based attire belonging to the victim or attempts to or successfully 28 removes religious garb or other faith-based attire from the victim's 29 person without the victim's authorization; or 30 (f) Places a noose on the property of a victim who is or whom the 31 actor perceives to be of a racial or ethnic minority group. 32 This subsection only applies to the creation of a reasonable 33 inference for evidentiary purposes. This subsection does not restrict 34 the state's ability to prosecute a person under subsection (1) of 35 this section when the facts of a particular case do not fall within 36 (a) through (f) of this subsection. 37 (3) It is not a defense that the accused was mistaken that the 38 victim was a member of a certain race, color, religion, ancestry, 39 national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, had a particular 40 p. 2 HB 1052 gender expression or identity, or had a mental, physical, or sensory 1 disability. 2 (4) Evidence of expressions or associations of the accused may 3 not be introduced as substantive evidence at trial unless the 4 evidence specifically relates to the crime charged. Nothing in this 5 chapter shall affect the rules of evidence governing impeachment of a 6 witness. 7 (5) Every person who commits another crime during the commission 8 of a crime under this section may be punished and prosecuted for the 9 other crime separately. 10 (6) For the purposes of this section: 11 (a) "Gender expression or identity" means having or being 12 perceived as having a gender identity, self-image, appearance, 13 behavior, or expression, whether or not that gender identity, self- 14 image, appearance, behavior, or expression is different from that 15 traditionally associated with the sex assigned to that person at 16 birth. 17 (b) "Sexual orientation" means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or 18 bisexuality. 19 (c) "Threat" means to communicate, directly or indirectly, the 20 intent to: 21 (i) Cause bodily injury immediately or in the future to the 22 person threatened or to any other person; or 23 (ii) Cause physical damage immediately or in the future to the 24 property of a person threatened or that of any other person. 25 (7) Commission of a hate crime offense is a class C felony. 26 (8) The penalties provided in this section for hate crime 27 offenses do not preclude the victims from seeking any other remedies 28 otherwise available under law. 29 (9) Nothing in this section confers or expands any civil rights 30 or protections to any group or class identified under this section, 31 beyond those rights or protections that exist under the federal or 32 state Constitution or the civil laws of the state of Washington. 33 --- END --- p. 3 HB 1052

CERTIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT ENGROSSED HOUSE BILL 1052 Chapter 249, Laws of 2025 69th Legislature 2025 Regular Session HATE CRIME OFFENSE—ELEMENTS EFFECTIVE DATE: July 27, 2025 Passed by the House April 18, 2025 Yeas 59 Nays 38 LAURIE JINKINS Speaker of the House of Representatives Passed by the Senate April 3, 2025 Yeas 30 Nays 19 JOHN LOVICK President of the Senate CERTIFICATE I, Bernard Dean, Chief Clerk of the House of Representatives of the State of Washington, do hereby certify that the attached is ENGROSSED HOUSE BILL 1052 as passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate on the dates hereon set forth. BERNARD DEAN Chief Clerk Approved May 12, 2025 3:26 PM FILED May 14, 2025 BOB FERGUSON Governor of the State of Washington Secretary of State State of Washington AN ACT Relating to clarifying a hate crime offense; and amending 1 RCW 9A.36.080. 2 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON: 3 Sec. 1. RCW 9A.36.080 and 2024 c 34 s 1 are each amended to read 4 as follows: 5 (1) A person is guilty of a hate crime offense if the person 6 maliciously and intentionally commits one of the following acts in 7 whole or in part because of their perception of another person's 8 race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, gender, sexual 9 orientation, gender expression or identity, or mental, physical, or 10 sensory disability: 11 (a) Assaults another person; 12 (b) Causes physical damage to or destruction of the property of 13 another; or 14 (c) Threatens a specific person or group of persons and places 15 that person, or members of the specific group of persons, in 16 reasonable fear of harm to person or property. The fear must be a 17 fear that a reasonable person would have under all the circumstances. 18 For purposes of this section, a "reasonable person" is a reasonable 19 person who is a member of the victim's race, color, religion, 20 ancestry, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, or who has 21 ENGROSSED HOUSE BILL 1052 AS AMENDED BY THE SENATE Passed Legislature - 2025 Regular Session State of Washington 69th Legislature 2025 Regular Session By Representatives Ryu, Ramel, Leavitt, Berry, Taylor, Reed, Thai, Obras, Macri, Cortes, Callan, Parshley, Fosse, Gregerson, Goodman, Pollet, Kloba, Berg, Davis, Ormsby, Salahuddin, Reeves, and Hill Prefiled 12/12/24. Read first time 01/13/25. Referred to Committee on Community Safety. p. 1 EHB 1052.SL the same gender expression or identity, or the same mental, physical, 1 or sensory disability as the victim. Words alone do not constitute a 2 hate crime offense unless the context or circumstances surrounding 3 the words indicate the words are a threat. Threatening words do not 4 constitute a hate crime offense if it is apparent to the victim that 5 the person does not have the ability to carry out the threat. 6 (2) In any prosecution for a hate crime offense, unless evidence 7 exists which explains to the trier of fact's satisfaction that the 8 person did not intend to threaten the victim or victims, the trier of 9 fact may infer that the person intended to threaten a specific victim 10 or group of victims because of the person's perception of the 11 victim's or victims' race, color, religion, ancestry, national 12 origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender expression or identity, or 13 mental, physical, or sensory disability if the person commits one of 14 the following acts: 15 (a) Burns a cross on property of a victim who is or whom the 16 actor perceives to be of African American heritage; 17 (b) Defaces property of a victim who is or whom the actor 18 perceives to be of Jewish heritage by defacing the property with a 19 Nazi emblem, symbol, or hakenkreuz; 20 (c) Defaces religious real property with words, symbols, or items 21 that are derogatory to persons of the faith associated with the 22 property; 23 (d) Places a vandalized or defaced religious item or scripture on 24 the property of a victim who is or whom the actor perceives to be of 25 the faith with which that item or scripture is associated; 26 (e) Damages, destroys, or defaces religious garb or other faith- 27 based attire belonging to the victim or attempts to or successfully 28 removes religious garb or other faith-based attire from the victim's 29 person without the victim's authorization; or 30 (f) Places a noose on the property of a victim who is or whom the 31 actor perceives to be of a racial or ethnic minority group. 32 This subsection only applies to the creation of a reasonable 33 inference for evidentiary purposes. This subsection does not restrict 34 the state's ability to prosecute a person under subsection (1) of 35 this section when the facts of a particular case do not fall within 36 (a) through (f) of this subsection. 37 (3) It is not a defense that the accused was mistaken that the 38 victim was a member of a certain race, color, religion, ancestry, 39 national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, had a particular 40 p. 2 EHB 1052.SL gender expression or identity, or had a mental, physical, or sensory 1 disability. 2 (4) Evidence of expressions or associations of the accused may 3 not be introduced as substantive evidence at trial unless the 4 evidence specifically relates to the crime charged. Nothing in this 5 chapter shall affect the rules of evidence governing impeachment of a 6 witness. 7 (5) Every person who commits another crime during the commission 8 of a crime under this section may be punished and prosecuted for the 9 other crime separately. 10 (6) For the purposes of this section: 11 (a) "Gender expression or identity" means having or being 12 perceived as having a gender identity, self-image, appearance, 13 behavior, or expression, whether or not that gender identity, self- 14 image, appearance, behavior, or expression is different from that 15 traditionally associated with the sex assigned to that person at 16 birth. 17 (b) "Sexual orientation" means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or 18 bisexuality. 19 (c) "Threat" means to communicate, directly or indirectly, the 20 intent to: 21 (i) Cause bodily injury immediately or in the future to the 22 person threatened or to any other person; or 23 (ii) Cause physical damage immediately or in the future to the 24 property of a person threatened or that of any other person. 25 (7) Commission of a hate crime offense is a class C felony. 26 (8) The penalties provided in this section for hate crime 27 offenses do not preclude the victims from seeking any other remedies 28 otherwise available under law. 29 (9) Nothing in this section confers or expands any civil rights 30 or protections to any group or class identified under this section, 31 beyond those rights or protections that exist under the federal or 32 state Constitution or the civil laws of the state of Washington. 33 Passed by the House April 18, 2025. Passed by the Senate April 3, 2025. Approved by the Governor May 12, 2025. Filed in Office of Secretary of State May 14, 2025. --- END --- p. 3 EHB 1052.SL