Text of WA SB 5917 (2024)

AN ACT Relating to criminal penalties for bias-motivated 1 defacement of private or public property; and amending RCW 9A.36.080. 2 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON: 3 Sec. 1. RCW 9A.36.080 and 2023 c 52 s 1 are each amended to read 4 as follows: 5 (1) A person is guilty of a hate crime offense if he or she 6 maliciously and intentionally commits one of the following acts 7 because of his or her perception of ((the victim's)) another person's 8 race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, gender, sexual 9 orientation, gender expression or identity, or mental, physical, or 10 sensory disability: 11 (a) Assaults ((the victim or)) another person; 12 (b) Causes physical damage to or destruction of the property of 13 ((the victim or)) another ((person)); ((or)) 14 (c) Writes, paints, or draws any inscription, figure, or mark of 15 any type on any public or private building or other structure, any 16 real or personal property, or any public property unless the person 17 has obtained the express permission of the owner or operator of the 18 property; or 19 (d) Threatens a specific person or group of persons and places 20 that person, or members of the specific group of persons, in 21 S-3563.2 SENATE BILL 5917 State of Washington 68th Legislature 2024 Regular Session By Senators Billig, Dhingra, Pedersen, and Trudeau Prefiled 12/28/23. p. 1 SB 5917 reasonable fear of harm to person or property. The fear must be a 1 fear that a reasonable person would have under all the circumstances. 2 For purposes of this section, a "reasonable person" is a reasonable 3 person who is a member of the victim's race, color, religion, 4 ancestry, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, or who has 5 the same gender expression or identity, or the same mental, physical, 6 or sensory disability as the victim. Words alone do not constitute a 7 hate crime offense unless the context or circumstances surrounding 8 the words indicate the words are a threat. Threatening words do not 9 constitute a hate crime offense if it is apparent to the victim that 10 the person does not have the ability to carry out the threat. 11 (2) In any prosecution for a hate crime offense, unless evidence 12 exists which explains to the trier of fact's satisfaction that the 13 person did not intend to threaten the victim or victims, the trier of 14 fact may infer that the person intended to threaten a specific victim 15 or group of victims because of the person's perception of the 16 victim's or victims' race, color, religion, ancestry, national 17 origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender expression or identity, or 18 mental, physical, or sensory disability if the person commits one of 19 the following acts: 20 (a) Burns a cross on property of a victim who is or whom the 21 actor perceives to be of African American heritage; 22 (b) Defaces property of a victim who is or whom the actor 23 perceives to be of Jewish heritage by defacing the property with a 24 Nazi emblem, symbol, or hakenkreuz; 25 (c) Defaces religious real property with words, symbols, or items 26 that are derogatory to persons of the faith associated with the 27 property; 28 (d) Places a vandalized or defaced religious item or scripture on 29 the property of a victim who is or whom the actor perceives to be of 30 the faith with which that item or scripture is associated; 31 (e) Damages, destroys, or defaces religious garb or other faith- 32 based attire belonging to the victim or attempts to or successfully 33 removes religious garb or other faith-based attire from the victim's 34 person without the victim's authorization; or 35 (f) Places a noose on the property of a victim who is or whom the 36 actor perceives to be of a racial or ethnic minority group. 37 This subsection only applies to the creation of a reasonable 38 inference for evidentiary purposes. This subsection does not restrict 39 the state's ability to prosecute a person under subsection (1) of 40 p. 2 SB 5917 this section when the facts of a particular case do not fall within 1 (a) through (f) of this subsection. 2 (3) It is not a defense that the accused was mistaken that the 3 victim was a member of a certain race, color, religion, ancestry, 4 national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, had a particular 5 gender expression or identity, or had a mental, physical, or sensory 6 disability. 7 (4) Evidence of expressions or associations of the accused may 8 not be introduced as substantive evidence at trial unless the 9 evidence specifically relates to the crime charged. Nothing in this 10 chapter shall affect the rules of evidence governing impeachment of a 11 witness. 12 (5) Every person who commits another crime during the commission 13 of a crime under this section may be punished and prosecuted for the 14 other crime separately. 15 (6) For the purposes of this section: 16 (a) "Gender expression or identity" means having or being 17 perceived as having a gender identity, self-image, appearance, 18 behavior, or expression, whether or not that gender identity, self- 19 image, appearance, behavior, or expression is different from that 20 traditionally associated with the sex assigned to that person at 21 birth. 22 (b) "Sexual orientation" means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or 23 bisexuality. 24 (c) "Threat" means to communicate, directly or indirectly, the 25 intent to: 26 (i) Cause bodily injury immediately or in the future to the 27 person threatened or to any other person; or 28 (ii) Cause physical damage immediately or in the future to the 29 property of a person threatened or that of any other person. 30 (7) Commission of a hate crime offense is a class C felony. 31 (8) The penalties provided in this section for hate crime 32 offenses do not preclude the victims from seeking any other remedies 33 otherwise available under law. 34 (9) Nothing in this section confers or expands any civil rights 35 or protections to any group or class identified under this section, 36 beyond those rights or protections that exist under the federal or 37 state Constitution or the civil laws of the state of Washington. 38 --- END --- p. 3 SB 5917

CERTIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT SUBSTITUTE SENATE BILL 5917 Chapter 34, Laws of 2024 68th Legislature 2024 Regular Session HATE CRIME OFFENSES—ELEMENTS EFFECTIVE DATE: June 6, 2024 Passed by the Senate February 2, 2024 Yeas 35 Nays 14 DENNY HECK President of the Senate Passed by the House February 27, 2024 Yeas 68 Nays 27 LAURIE JINKINS Speaker of the House of Representatives CERTIFICATE I, Sarah Bannister, Secretary of the Senate of the State of Washington, do hereby certify that the attached is SUBSTITUTE SENATE BILL 5917 as passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives on the dates hereon set forth. SARAH BANNISTER Secretary Approved March 13, 2024 11:25 AM FILED March 14, 2024 JAY INSLEE Governor of the State of Washington Secretary of State State of Washington AN ACT Relating to criminal penalties for bias-motivated 1 defacement of private or public property; and amending RCW 9A.36.080. 2 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON: 3 Sec. 1. RCW 9A.36.080 and 2023 c 52 s 1 are each amended to read 4 as follows: 5 (1) A person is guilty of a hate crime offense if ((he or she)) 6 the person maliciously and intentionally commits one of the following 7 acts because of ((his or her)) their perception of ((the victim's)) 8 another person's race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, 9 gender, sexual orientation, gender expression or identity, or mental, 10 physical, or sensory disability: 11 (a) Assaults ((the victim or)) another person; 12 (b) Causes physical damage to or destruction of the property of 13 ((the victim or)) another ((person)); or 14 (c) Threatens a specific person or group of persons and places 15 that person, or members of the specific group of persons, in 16 reasonable fear of harm to person or property. The fear must be a 17 fear that a reasonable person would have under all the circumstances. 18 For purposes of this section, a "reasonable person" is a reasonable 19 person who is a member of the victim's race, color, religion, 20 ancestry, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, or who has 21 SUBSTITUTE SENATE BILL 5917 Passed Legislature - 2024 Regular Session State of Washington 68th Legislature 2024 Regular Session By Senate Law & Justice (originally sponsored by Senators Billig, Dhingra, Pedersen, Trudeau, Hasegawa, Kuderer, Liias, Lovick, Mullet, Nguyen, Nobles, Salomon, Valdez, and C. Wilson) READ FIRST TIME 01/26/24. p. 1 SSB 5917.SL the same gender expression or identity, or the same mental, physical, 1 or sensory disability as the victim. Words alone do not constitute a 2 hate crime offense unless the context or circumstances surrounding 3 the words indicate the words are a threat. Threatening words do not 4 constitute a hate crime offense if it is apparent to the victim that 5 the person does not have the ability to carry out the threat. 6 (2) In any prosecution for a hate crime offense, unless evidence 7 exists which explains to the trier of fact's satisfaction that the 8 person did not intend to threaten the victim or victims, the trier of 9 fact may infer that the person intended to threaten a specific victim 10 or group of victims because of the person's perception of the 11 victim's or victims' race, color, religion, ancestry, national 12 origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender expression or identity, or 13 mental, physical, or sensory disability if the person commits one of 14 the following acts: 15 (a) Burns a cross on property of a victim who is or whom the 16 actor perceives to be of African American heritage; 17 (b) Defaces property of a victim who is or whom the actor 18 perceives to be of Jewish heritage by defacing the property with a 19 Nazi emblem, symbol, or hakenkreuz; 20 (c) Defaces religious real property with words, symbols, or items 21 that are derogatory to persons of the faith associated with the 22 property; 23 (d) Places a vandalized or defaced religious item or scripture on 24 the property of a victim who is or whom the actor perceives to be of 25 the faith with which that item or scripture is associated; 26 (e) Damages, destroys, or defaces religious garb or other faith- 27 based attire belonging to the victim or attempts to or successfully 28 removes religious garb or other faith-based attire from the victim's 29 person without the victim's authorization; or 30 (f) Places a noose on the property of a victim who is or whom the 31 actor perceives to be of a racial or ethnic minority group. 32 This subsection only applies to the creation of a reasonable 33 inference for evidentiary purposes. This subsection does not restrict 34 the state's ability to prosecute a person under subsection (1) of 35 this section when the facts of a particular case do not fall within 36 (a) through (f) of this subsection. 37 (3) It is not a defense that the accused was mistaken that the 38 victim was a member of a certain race, color, religion, ancestry, 39 national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, had a particular 40 p. 2 SSB 5917.SL gender expression or identity, or had a mental, physical, or sensory 1 disability. 2 (4) Evidence of expressions or associations of the accused may 3 not be introduced as substantive evidence at trial unless the 4 evidence specifically relates to the crime charged. Nothing in this 5 chapter shall affect the rules of evidence governing impeachment of a 6 witness. 7 (5) Every person who commits another crime during the commission 8 of a crime under this section may be punished and prosecuted for the 9 other crime separately. 10 (6) For the purposes of this section: 11 (a) "Gender expression or identity" means having or being 12 perceived as having a gender identity, self-image, appearance, 13 behavior, or expression, whether or not that gender identity, self- 14 image, appearance, behavior, or expression is different from that 15 traditionally associated with the sex assigned to that person at 16 birth. 17 (b) "Sexual orientation" means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or 18 bisexuality. 19 (c) "Threat" means to communicate, directly or indirectly, the 20 intent to: 21 (i) Cause bodily injury immediately or in the future to the 22 person threatened or to any other person; or 23 (ii) Cause physical damage immediately or in the future to the 24 property of a person threatened or that of any other person. 25 (7) Commission of a hate crime offense is a class C felony. 26 (8) The penalties provided in this section for hate crime 27 offenses do not preclude the victims from seeking any other remedies 28 otherwise available under law. 29 (9) Nothing in this section confers or expands any civil rights 30 or protections to any group or class identified under this section, 31 beyond those rights or protections that exist under the federal or 32 state Constitution or the civil laws of the state of Washington. 33 Passed by the Senate February 2, 2024. Passed by the House February 27, 2024. Approved by the Governor March 13, 2024. Filed in Office of Secretary of State March 14, 2024. --- END --- p. 3 SSB 5917.SL