Compare US HB 2802 (2015) and US SB 2525 (2018)
The introduced text of these two bills, side by side, with the wording they share.
- US HB 2802 (2015) · U.S. Congress · 2015 · Failed
- US SB 2525 (2018) · U.S. Congress · 2018 · Failed
632 shared 8-word phrases found in the introduced text of these two bills.
This highlights wording the two bills share in their introduced text. A shared passage may include text that both bills quote from the same existing law, not only language either one drafted. A match shows that the texts overlap; it does not show who drafted a bill, and filing order alone does not show which bill copied which.
| US HB 2802 (2015) | US SB 2525 (2018) |
|---|---|
| Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘First Amendment De- 4 fense Act’’. 5 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 6 Congress finds the following: 7 (1) Leading legal scholars concur that conflicts 8 between same-sex marriage and religious liberty are 9 real and should be | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘First Amendment De- 4 fense Act’’. 5 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 6 Congress finds the following: 7 (1) Leading legal scholars concur that conflicts 8 between same-sex marriage and religious liberty are 9 real and should be |
| stated in response to the 11 decision of the Supreme Court | stated in response to 11 the decision of the Supreme Court |
| Americans hold a wide 13 range of views’’ on the issue of same-sex marriage, 14 and ‘‘maintaining our Nation’s | Americans 13 hold a wide range of views’’ on the issue of same- 14 sex marriage, and ‘‘maintaining our Nation’s |
| freedom’’ is ‘‘vital’’. 16 (3) Nevertheless, in 2015, when asked whether 17 a religious school could lose its tax-exempt status for 18 opposing same-sex marriage, the Solicitor General of 19 the United States represented to the United States 20 Supreme Court that ‘‘[i]t’s certainly going to be an 21 issue’’. 22 (4) Protecting religious freedom from Govern- 23 ment intrusion is a Government interest of the high- 24 est order | freedom’’ is ‘‘vital’’. 16 (3) Nevertheless, in 2015, when asked whether 17 a religious school could lose its tax-exempt status for 18 opposing same-sex marriage, the Solicitor General of 19 the United States Donald Verrilli represented to the 20 United States Supreme Court that ‘‘[i]t’s certainly 21 going to be an issue’’. 22 (4) Protecting religious freedom from govern- 23 ment intrusion is a government interest of the high- 24 est order |
| the protections mandated by 3 the First Amendment to the Constitution of the 4 United States. 5 (5) Laws that protect the free exercise of reli- 6 gious beliefs and moral convictions about marriage 7 will encourage private citizens and institutions to 8 demonstrate tolerance for those beliefs and convic- 9 tions and therefore contribute to a more respectful, 10 diverse, and peaceful society | the protections mandated by the First 3 Amendment to the Constitution of the United 4 States. 5 (5) Laws that protect the free exercise of reli- 6 gious beliefs and moral convictions about marriage 7 will encourage private citizens and institutions to 8 demonstrate tolerance for those beliefs and convic- 9 tions and therefore contribute to a more respectful, 10 diverse, and peaceful society |
| SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF THE FREE EXERCISE OF RELI- 12 GIOUS BELIEFS AND MORAL CONVICTIONS. 13 (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi- 14 sion of law, the Federal Government shall not take any 15 discriminatory action against a person, wholly or partially 16 on the basis that such person | SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF THE FREE EXERCISE OF RELI- 19 GIOUS BELIEFS AND MORAL CONVICTIONS. 20 (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi- 21 sion of law, the Federal Government shall not take any 22 discriminatory action against a person, wholly or partially 23 on the basis that such person |
| b) DISCRIMINATORY ACTION DEFINED.—As used in 22 subsection (a), a discriminatory action means any action 23 taken by the Federal Government to | b) DISCRIMINATORY ACTION DEFINED.—As used in 10 subsection (a), a discriminatory action means any action 11 taken by the Federal Government to |
| alter in any way the Federal tax treatment 1 of, or cause any tax, penalty, or payment to be as- 2 sessed against, or deny, delay, or revoke an exemp- 3 tion from taxation under section 501(a) of the Inter- 4 nal Revenue Code of 1986 of, any person referred to 5 in subsection (a); 6 (2) disallow a deduction for Federal tax pur- 7 poses of any charitable contribution made to or by 8 such person; 9 (3) withhold, reduce | alter in any way the Federal tax treatment 13 of, or cause any tax, penalty, or payment to be as- 14 sessed against, or deny, delay, or revoke an exemp- 15 tion from taxation under section 501(a) of the Inter- 16 nal Revenue Code of 1986 of, any person referred to 17 in subsection (a); 18 (2) disallow a deduction for Federal tax pur- 19 poses of any charitable contribution made to or by 20 such person; 21 (3) withhold, reduce |
| such person. 18 (c) ACCREDITATION; LICENSURE; CERTIFICATION.— 19 The Federal Government shall consider accredited, li- 20 censed, or certified for purposes of Federal law any person 21 that would be accredited, licensed, or certified, respec- 22 tively, for such purposes but for a determination against 23 such person wholly or partially on the basis that the per- 24 son | such person. 15 (c) ACCREDITATION; LICENSURE; CERTIFICATION.— 16 The Federal Government shall consider accredited, li- 17 censed, or certified for purposes of Federal law any person 18 that would be accredited, licensed, or certified, respec- 19 tively, for such purposes but for a determination against 20 such person wholly or partially on the basis that the per- 21 son |
| SEC. 4. JUDICIAL RELIEF. 4 (a) CAUSE OF ACTION.—A person may assert an ac- 5 tual or threatened violation of this Act as a claim or de- 6 fense in a judicial or administrative proceeding and obtain 7 compensatory damages, injunctive relief, declaratory re- 8 lief, or any other appropriate relief against the Federal 9 Government. Standing to assert a claim or defense under 10 this section shall be governed by the general rules of 11 standing under Article III of the Constitution. 12 (b) ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES NOT REQUIRED.— 13 Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an action 14 under this section may be commenced, and relief may be 15 granted, in a | SEC. 4. JUDICIAL RELIEF. 1 (a) CAUSE OF ACTION.—A person may assert an ac- 2 tual or threatened violation of this Act as a claim or de- 3 fense in a judicial or administrative proceeding and obtain 4 compensatory damages, injunctive relief, declaratory re- 5 lief, or any other appropriate relief against the Federal 6 Government. Standing to assert a claim or defense under 7 this section shall be governed by the general rules of 8 standing under article III of the Constitution. 9 (b) ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES NOT REQUIRED.— 10 Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an action 11 under this section may be commenced, and relief may be 12 granted, in a |
| without regard 16 to whether the person commencing the action has sought 17 or exhausted available administrative remedies. 18 (c) ATTORNEYS’ FEES.—Section 722(b) of the Re- 19 vised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1988(b)) is amended by insert- 20 ing ‘‘the First Amendment Defense Act,’’ after ‘‘the Reli- 21 gious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 22 2000,’’. 23 (d) AUTHORITY OF UNITED STATES TO ENFORCE 24 THIS ACT.—The Attorney General may bring an action | without 13 regard to whether the person commencing the action has 14 sought or exhausted available administrative remedies. 15 (c) ATTORNEYS’ FEES.—Section 722(b) of the Re- 16 vised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1988(b)) is amended by insert- 17 ing ‘‘the First Amendment Defense Act,’’ after ‘‘the Reli- 18 gious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 19 2000,’’. 20 (d) AUTHORITY OF UNITED STATES TO ENFORCE 21 THIS ACT.—The Attorney General may bring an action |
| for injunctive or declaratory relief against an independent 1 establishment described in section 104(1) of title 5, United 2 States Code, or an officer or employee of that independent 3 establishment, to enforce compliance with this Act. Noth | for injunctive or declaratory relief against an independent 23 establishment described in section 104(1) of title 5, United 24 States Code, or an officer or employee of that independent 25 establishment, to enforce compliance with this Act. Noth |
| ing in this subsection shall be construed to deny, impair, 5 or otherwise affect any right or authority of the Attorney 6 General, the United States, or any agency, officer, or em- 7 ployee of the United States, acting under any law other 8 than this subsection, to institute or intervene in any pro- 9 ceeding. 10 SEC. 5. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 11 (a | ing in this subsection shall be construed to deny, impair, 1 or otherwise affect any right or authority of the Attorney 2 General, the United States, or any agency, officer, or em- 3 ployee of the United States, acting under any law other 4 than this subsection, to institute or intervene in any pro- 5 ceeding. 6 SEC. 5. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 7 (a |
| of free exercise of 13 religious beliefs and moral convictions | of free exercise of religious beliefs and 11 moral convictions |
| Nothing in this Act shall be construed to | Nothing in this Act shall be construed 12 to |
Only the first shared passages are listed here; the side-by-side view shows them all.