Litigation
Court cases in the project's archive about laws and policies that affect transgender and other LGBTQ+ people. Each case page links its dockets, its court documents, its opinions and any oral arguments, with the originals on CourtListener. Charts show the cases by issue, year, court and place.
Also: a finding aid to experts who testified for the side defending the laws.
57 of 664 cases match.
| Case | Court | Level | Cir. | Year | Issue / type | Outcome | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Association of Physicians for Human Rights, Inc. v. National Institutes of HealthNo. 8:25-cv-01620 | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2025 | 90 | ||
| Arlington School Board v. Linda McMahonNo. 25-2107 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Schools & educationalso Bathrooms & facilities, Federal executive actions | 21 | |
| B.P.J. v. West Virginia State Board of EducationNo. 23-1078 | U.S. Supreme Court | U.S. Supreme Court | 4th Cir. | 2023 | Athleticsalso Schools & education | Favorable | 306 |
| B.P.J. v. WV Secondary School Activities CommissionNo. 23-1130 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2023 | Athleticsalso Schools & education | Favorable | 155 |
| Bethel Ministries, Inc. v. Salmon | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2019 | Speech & religious objectionsalso Schools & education | 2 | |
| Brown v. TrumpNo. 1:25-cv-00583 | E.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Gender-affirming carealso Prisons & detention, Federal executive actions | 4 | |
| Carcaño v. McCrory | M.D.N.C. | District | 4th Cir. | 2021 | Bathrooms & facilitiesalso Schools & education, Public accommodations | Procedural no direction | 90 |
| Chris Herring Photography LLC v. Herring | E.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2020 | Speech & religious objectionsalso Public accommodations | 3 | |
| Christopher Doyle v. Lawrence Hogan, Jr. | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2021 | Conversion therapyalso Speech & religious objections | Favorable | 1 |
| De'Lonta v. Angelone | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2003 | Gender-affirming carealso Prisons & detention | Favorable | 1 |
| De'Lonta v. Fulmore | E.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2010 | Prisons & detention | Adverse | 3 |
| De'lontra v. Angelone | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2003 | Gender-affirming carealso Prisons & detention | Favorable | 1 |
| Doe v. BedellNo. 1:26-cv-02690 | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2026 | Schools & educationalso Speech & religious objections, Family & parental rights | 42 | |
| Doe v. Cabarrus County Board of EducationNo. 1:26-cv-00752 | M.D.N.C. | District | 4th Cir. | 2026 | Bathrooms & facilitiesalso Schools & education | 14 | |
| Doe v. Department of DefenseNo. 8:25-cv-02947 | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2025 | 7 | ||
| Doe v. Fairfax County School BoardNo. 1:25-cv-01662 | E.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Bathrooms & facilitiesalso Schools & education, Speech & religious objections | 3 | |
| E.K. v. Department of Defense Education ActivityNo. 25-2497 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2026 | Schools & educationalso Speech & religious objections, Federal executive actions | 125 | |
| Ellenor Zinski v. Liberty University, IncorporatedNo. 25-1581 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Employmentalso Speech & religious objections | 43 | |
| Eller v. Prince George's County Public Schools | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2019 | Employmentalso Schools & education | 15 | |
| Eyerly v. TrumpNo. 1:25-cv-00582 | E.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Gender-affirming carealso Prisons & detention, Federal executive actions | 4 | |
| Fairfax County School Board v. Linda McMahonNo. 25-2087 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Schools & educationalso Bathrooms & facilities, Federal executive actions | 130 | |
| Finkle v. Howard County | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2015 | Employment | Favorable | 2 |
| FreeState Justice v. Equal Employment Opportunity CommissionNo. 1:25-cv-02482 | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Employmentalso Federal executive actions | 10 | |
| G. G. v. Gloucester County School Board | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2017 | Schools & educationalso Bathrooms & facilities | Adverse | 1 |
| G.G. Ex Rel. Grimm v. Gloucester County School Board | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2021 | Schools & educationalso Bathrooms & facilities | Favorable | 100 |
| G.S. v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2023 | Schools & education | 2 | |
| Hannah Robertson v. Anderson Mill Elementary | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2021 | Schools & educationalso Speech & religious objections | Adverse | 10 |
| Hart v. Lew | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2013 | Employment | Mostly favorable | 1 |
| John and Jane Parents 1 v. Montgomery County Board of EducationNo. 22-2034 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2022 | Schools & educationalso Family & parental rights | Favorable | 21 |
| John Doe v. Catholic Relief ServicesNo. 25-1569 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Employmentalso Speech & religious objections | 45 | |
| Kesha Williams v. Stacey Kincaid | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2022 | Prisons & detentionalso Gender-affirming care | Favorable | 11 |
| Kimberly Polk v. Montgomery County Public Schools | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2026 | Speech & religious objectionsalso Schools & education, Employment | Favorable | 10 |
| Lewis v. High Point Regional Health System | E.D.N.C. | District | 4th Cir. | 2015 | Employment | Mostly favorable | 2 |
| Lonnie Billard v. Charlotte Catholic High School | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2024 | Employmentalso Speech & religious objections | 1 | |
| Lundquist-Arora v. Fairfax County Public SchoolsNo. 1:26-cv-01768 | E.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2026 | Schools & educationalso Speech & religious objections, Family & parental rights | 37 | |
| M.A.B. v. Bd. of Educ. of Talbot Cnty. | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2018 | Schools & educationalso Bathrooms & facilities | Mostly favorable | 1 |
| Maxwell Kadel v. Dale FolwellNo. 22-1721 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2022 | Gender-affirming carealso Employment, Health coverage & benefits | Favorable | 141 |
| Maxwell Kadel v. N.C. State Health Plan | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2021 | Gender-affirming carealso Employment, Health coverage & benefits | Favorable | 1 |
| McCrory v. United States of America | E.D.N.C. | District | 4th Cir. | 2016 | Bathrooms & facilitiesalso Employment, Federal executive actions | 16 | |
| Mittereder v. MullinNo. 1:25-cv-01991 | E.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2025 | 3 | ||
| Morris v. Fletcher | W.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2018 | Gender-affirming carealso Prisons & detention | Adverse | 12 |
| O'Neill v. RuddNo. 1:25-cv-04228 | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 2025 | 27 | ||
| Ophelia De'Lonta v. Gene Johnson | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2013 | Gender-affirming carealso Prisons & detention | Favorable | 3 |
| Peter Vlaming v. West Point School BoardNo. 211061 · Closed · Virginia | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2019 | Speech & religious objectionsalso Schools & education, Employment | Procedural no direction | 7 |
| PFLAG, Inc. v. Donald J. TrumpNo. 25-1279 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Gender-affirming carealso Federal executive actions | 370 | |
| Powell v. Read's, Inc. | D. Md. | District | 4th Cir. | 1977 | Employment | Adverse | 1 |
| Robert Updegrove v. Jason Miyares | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2021 | Speech & religious objectionsalso Public accommodations | 8 | |
| S.W. v. Loudoun County School BoardNo. 1:25-cv-01536 | E.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2025 | Bathrooms & facilitiesalso Schools & education, Speech & religious objections | 63 | |
| Sage Blair v. Appomattox County School BoardNo. 6:23-cv-00047 | 4th Cir. | Circuit | 4th Cir. | 2023 | Family & parental rightsalso Schools & education | Mixed | 105 |
| Sevier v. Mueller | E.D. Va. | District | 4th Cir. | 2018 | Other | 2 |
Each case has one main issue and may raise others (shown as “also”); the Issue filter finds a case by either. Choose a column heading to sort by it, and again to reverse the order. A blank cell means the archive has no entry for that case yet.
The outcome is this project's own coding of how a case turned out, made from the court's record; it is not the court's finding. How it is coded, and how to ask for a correction, is on the About page.
Litigation
Court cases about transgender and other LGBTQ+ people · federal & state courts
Cases tracked
| Case | Court | Level | Cir. | Year | Issue / type | Outcome | Docs |
|---|
Archive stats
Cases by issue
Every tracked case once, under its main issue, split by the coded direction of its final ruling (the same reading as "Reached a final ruling" below): favorable or adverse to the LGBTQ-rights claim, or mixed. The empty part of each bar is cases with no coded ruling at the trial, circuit or Supreme Court stage yet, which is most of them; it is not a claim that they have no outcome. Choose a bar to list its cases.
Reached a final ruling
The coded direction at the HIGHEST stage a case reached — trial-level, circuit-court or Supreme Court only. A preliminary-injunction ruling never counts as final, and a "procedural, no direction" or "unclear" coding is excluded rather than shown as an outcome.
Case duration
Filed to terminated, from real CourtListener docket dates, among cases where EVERY tracked docket has terminated (an open appellate docket alongside a closed district one is pending, not resolved). No stage-by-stage date exists in this corpus, so only this one span is shown; dates cover only the tracked-docket tier — see the coverage note below the numbers.
Cases by circuit
A real geographic map, states shaded by their circuit's case count relative to the busiest circuit (linear). The Federal Circuit has no state territory of its own (its jurisdiction is subject matter, not geography) and so never paints here, but still appears in the list and the table. Select a circuit below for its final-ruling mix.