Every question, with its verbatim wording, its toplines, and a link to the pollster’s own release. Filters combine; the
address updates so any view can be shared.
PRRINondiscriminationdata flagSep 2020 – Sep 30, 2020LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: No per-wave n or MOE published.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Skipped/Refused
PRRINondiscriminationApr 9–20, 2019 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing
Respondents rated each policy on a strongly favor / favor / oppose / strongly oppose scale.
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people rather than isolating gender identity
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Unsure/Refused
PRRIBathrooms & facilitiesApr 9–20, 2019 laws requiring bathroom use matching sex at birth
Respondents rated each policy on a strongly favor / favor / oppose / strongly oppose scale.
Laws that require transgender individuals to use bathrooms that correspond to their sex at birth rather than their current gender identity
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: uses 'sex at birth' and 'current gender identity' as the contrast pairfavor = restriction, so the scale direction is inverted relative to most trans-rights items in the same battery
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Unsure/Refused
PRRIMilitary serviceApr 9–20, 2019 allowing transgender people to serve in the U.S. military
Allowing transgender people to serve in the U.S. military.
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: net favor reported in the report figure; four-point distribution not published there
Response options as the pollster wrote them
PRRIContact & populationparaphrasedApr 9–20, 2019 having a close friend or family member who is transgender
Do you have a close friend or family member who is transgender?
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: 'close friend or family member' is a narrower contact measure than the more common 'know someone who is transgender'
Response options as the pollster wrote them
PRRIMilitary serviceApr 9–20, 2019 allowing transgender people to serve in uniform
Do you favor or oppose allowing transgender people to serve in uniform in the U.S. military?
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: 'serve in uniform' rather than Gallup's 'openly ... serve'; the absence of 'openly' produces a materially lower support figure (63% here vs. Gallup's 71% a month later)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Favor
- Oppose
- Don't know/refused
PRRINondiscriminationparaphrasedApr 9–20, 2019 employment, housing and public accommodation nondiscrimination laws
Do you favor or oppose laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing?
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: names transgender people explicitly
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Favor
- Oppose
- Don't know/refused
PRRIBathrooms & facilitiesparaphrasedApr 9–20, 2019 requiring bathroom use consistent with sex assigned at birth
Do you favor or oppose laws that require transgender people to use bathrooms consistent with their sex assigned at birth rather than their gender identity?
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: uses 'sex assigned at birth', the phrasing preferred by trans-affirming sources, in a restriction-direction item
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Favor
- Oppose
- Don't know/refused
PRRIGeneral acceptanceparaphrasedApr 9–20, 2019 self-reported change in support for transgender rights over five years
Compared to five years ago, are you more supportive or more opposed to transgender rights?
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: retrospective self-report of attitude change, which is known to overstate movement in the socially expected direction
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- More supportive
- More opposed
- No change
PRRIGeneral acceptanceApr 9–20, 2019 self-reported change in support for transgender rights over five years
Compared to your views five years ago, are your current views about rights for transgender people generally much more supportive, more supportive, more opposed, or much more opposed?
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: retrospective self-report, not a current attitude measureno explicit 'no change' option offered
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Much more supportive
- More supportive
- More opposed
- Much more opposed
PRRIFeeling thermometersApr 9–20, 2019 comfort with a close friend disclosing they are transgender
How comfortable or uncomfortable do you think you would be with each of the following?
Having a close friend tell you they're transgender
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: hypothetical social-distance item
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Very comfortable
- Somewhat comfortable
- Somewhat uncomfortable
- Very uncomfortable
- Don't know/Refused (VOL.)
PRRISchool policyApr 9–20, 2019 comfort with a transgender teacher in the local elementary school
How comfortable or uncomfortable do you think you would be with each of the following?
Learning that a teacher in your local elementary school is transgender
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: hypothetical social-distance item placed in a school context
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Very comfortable
- Somewhat comfortable
- Somewhat uncomfortable
- Very uncomfortable
- Don't know/Refused (VOL.)
PRRIParental rightsApr 9–20, 2019 comfort with one's own child disclosing they are transgender
How comfortable or uncomfortable do you think you would be with each of the following?
Having your own child tell you they are transgender
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: hypothetical about the respondent's own family
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Very comfortable
- Somewhat comfortable
- Somewhat uncomfortable
- Very uncomfortable
- Don't know/Refused (VOL.)
PRRIGeneral acceptanceparaphrasedApr 9–20, 2019 perceived stigma or negative social judgment faced by transgender people
the following groups face a lot of stigma or negative social judgment in their community
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: response labels reconstructed from narrative text, not from a topline
Response options as the pollster wrote them
PRRIIdentity beliefsApr 9–20, 2019 belief that there are only two genders vs. a range of gender identities
Do you think there are only two possible gender identities, man or woman; or do you think there is a range of many possible gender identities?
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: forced binary choice with no middle or 'depends' optionstrength-of-view follow-up folded into the four printed categories
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Only two genders, strongly
- Only two genders, not strongly
- Range of genders, not strongly
- Range of genders, strongly
PRRINondiscriminationApr 9–20, 2019 perceived federal legal status of anti-LGBT employment discrimination
To the best of your knowledge, is it currently LEGAL or NOT LEGAL under FEDERAL LAW [INSERT, RANDOMIZE] because they are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender? What about [INSERT, RANDOMIZE]?
for a business to fire or refuse to hire someone
Base: 668 of the 1,100 interviews were conducted on a cell phone; the survey also over-sampled Texas (n=150). Republican n=352, independent n=359, Democrat n=328.
Wording notes: knowledge item, not an attitude itemcapitalised LEGAL / NOT LEGAL in script
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Legal
- Not legal
- Don't know/Refused (VOL.)
PRRINondiscriminationparaphrasedMar 26, 2019 – Dec 29, 2019 employment, housing and public accommodation nondiscrimination laws
Do you favor or oppose laws that would protect LGBT people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing?
Base: LGBT module asked of 40,357 of the 53,474 total 2019 AVA interviews
Wording notes: 2019 wave used the acronym 'LGBT' rather than spelling out 'transgender'
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Favor
- Oppose
- Don't know/refused
PRRINondiscriminationMar 26, 2019 – Dec 29, 2019 LGBT nondiscrimination protections
Now, we would like to get your views on some issues that are being discussed in the country today. Do you strongly favor, favor, oppose or strongly oppose [INSERT FIRST]? What about [INSERT NEXT; RANDOMIZE]? [READ AS NECESSARY: Do you strongly favor, favor, oppose or strongly oppose this?]
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing
Wording notes: names all four groups explicitlylists three specific domains (jobs, public accommodations, housing)battery item with no standalone stem
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Don't know/Refused (VOL.)
PRRINondiscriminationdata flagJan 2, 2019 – Dec 30, 2019 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: Pooled 2019 AVA. Full-year demographic sample was 53,474 bilingual telephone interviews (33,708 by cell) conducted January 2 - December 30, 2019; the issue questions including LGBT nondiscrimination were asked of a 40,357-interview subset (26,142 by cell) fielded March 26 - December 29, 2019. State estimates range from a low of 59% favor in Alaska to 76-78% in Massachusetts, Colorado and Connecticut.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Don't know/Refused
PRRINondiscriminationparaphrasedJan 2019 – Dec 31, 2019 misperception that federal law already prohibited LGBT employment discrimination (pre-Bostock)
As far as you know, is it currently legal or illegal at the federal level for a business to fire or refuse to hire someone because they are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender?
Wording notes: a knowledge item, not an attitude item - the 'correct' answer in 2019 was that no federal protection existed
Response options as the pollster wrote them
PRRINondiscriminationdata flagJul 2018 – Jul 31, 2018 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: No per-wave n or MOE published.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Skipped/Refused
PRRINondiscriminationMar 14–25, 2018 nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing
Now, we would like to get your views on some issues that are being discussed in the country today.
Now, we would like to get your views on some issues that are being discussed in the country today. Do you strongly favor, favor, oppose or strongly oppose [see below]? ... What about [see below]? ... Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual peopleasked in a randomized battery alongside religious-refusal items
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Unsure/Refused
PRRINondiscriminationdata flagMar 2018 – Mar 31, 2018 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: No per-wave n or MOE published.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Skipped/Refused
PRRINondiscriminationparaphraseddata flagJan 2018 – Dec 31, 2018 employment, housing and public accommodation nondiscrimination laws
Do you favor or oppose laws that would protect LGBT people from discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing?
Base: Split-sample: each form was asked of roughly half the sample.
Wording notes: 2018 wave used the acronym 'LGBT' rather than naming transgender people explicitly
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Favor
- Oppose
- Don't know/refused
PRRISportsparaphraseddata flagJan 2018 – Dec 31, 2018 transgender boy (assigned female at birth) competing with other male students in high school
Allowing a transgender student who was listed as female on their birth certificate, but now identifies as male, to participate in high school athletic events with other male students
Base: Split-sample: each form was asked of roughly half the sample.
Wording notes: identifies the student by birth-certificate sex marker rather than by genderyes/no answer set in 2018, converted to a four-point favor/oppose scale in 2021
Response options as the pollster wrote them
PRRISportsparaphraseddata flagJan 2018 – Dec 31, 2018 transgender girl (assigned male at birth) competing with other female students in high school
Allowing a transgender student who was listed as male on their birth certificate, but now identifies as female, to participate in high school athletic events with other female students
Base: Split-sample: each form was asked of roughly half the sample.
Wording notes: identifies the student by birth-certificate sex marker rather than by genderyes/no answer set in 2018, converted to a four-point favor/oppose scale in 2021
Response options as the pollster wrote them
PRRINondiscriminationdata flagJan 2018 – Dec 31, 2018 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: Split-sample: each form was asked of roughly half the sample.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Don't know/Refused
PRRINondiscriminationdata flagOct 2017 – Oct 31, 2017 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: No per-wave n or MOE published.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Skipped/Refused
PRRINondiscriminationdata flagAug 2017 – Aug 31, 2017 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: No per-wave n or MOE published in the LGBTQ trend toplines.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Skipped/Refused
PRRIBathrooms & facilitiesdata flagAug 2017 – Aug 31, 2017 laws requiring restroom use matching sex assigned at birth ('bathroom bills')
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that require transgender individuals to use bathrooms that correspond to their sex at birth rather than their current gender identity
Base: No per-wave n or MOE published in the LGBTQ trend toplines.
Wording notes: uses 'sex at birth' against 'current gender identity'policy stated as a restriction the respondent favors or opposes
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Skipped/Refused
PRRIMilitary servicedata flagAug 2017 – Aug 31, 2017 allowing transgender people to serve in the U.S. military
Allowing transgender people to serve in the U.S. military.
Base: No per-wave n or MOE published in the LGBTQ trend toplines.
Wording notes: net favor/oppose reported; full scale not published in the 2019 report figure
Response options as the pollster wrote them
PRRIBathrooms & facilitiesparaphrasedFeb 10–19, 2017 laws requiring bathroom use matching sex at birth
Respondents rate each policy on a strongly favor / favor / oppose / strongly oppose scale.
Laws that require transgender individuals to use bathrooms that correspond to their sex at birth rather than their current gender identity
Base: 1,211 interviews conducted on cell phone
Wording notes: favor = restrictionearliest wave in the PRRI bathroom trend and the high-water mark for opposition to restrictions
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
PRRINondiscriminationFeb 10–19, 2017 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing
Now, we would like to get your views on some issues that are being discussed in the country today. Do you strongly favor, favor, oppose or strongly oppose [see below] ? ... What about [see below] ?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing
Base: 1,211 interviews conducted on cell phone
Wording notes: transgender people are bundled with gay, lesbian and bisexual people rather than asked about separately
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Unsure/Refused
PRRIContact & populationFeb 10–19, 2017 has a close friend or family member who is transgender
Do you have a close friend or family member who is... [select all that apply]
Do you have a close friend or family member who is... transgender
Base: 1,211 interviews conducted on cell phone
Wording notes: net 'yes' combines close friend and family member
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Yes (net close friend or family member)
- No
PRRINondiscriminationJan 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: Pooled annual AVA aggregate over the 2017 monthly waves, which are recorded separately in this file.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Don't know/Refused
PRRIBathrooms & facilitiesparaphrasedAug 10–16, 2016 laws requiring bathroom use by sex at birth
Laws that require transgender individuals to use bathrooms that correspond to their sex at birth rather than their current gender identity
Wording notes: uses 'sex at birth' and 'current gender identity'asks about the law rather than the behaviorbathrooms onlywording only approximately verified
Response options as the pollster wrote them
PRRIBathrooms & facilitiesAug 10–30, 2016 laws requiring bathroom use by sex at birth
Now, we would like to get your views on some issues that are being discussed in the country today. Do you strongly favor, favor, oppose or strongly oppose [INSERT RANDOMIZE]? What about [INSERT NEXT; RANDOMIZE]? [READ AS NECESSARY: Do you strongly favor, favor, oppose or strongly oppose this?]
Laws that require transgender individuals to use bathrooms that correspond to their sex at birth rather than their current gender identity
Wording notes: restrictive policy is the 'favor' poleuses 'sex at birth' vs 'current gender identity'battery item with no standalone stem - the favor/oppose scale is supplied once for the whole grid
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Don't know/Refused (VOL.)
PRRINondiscriminationdata flagAug 2016 – Aug 31, 2016 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: PRRI publishes no per-wave n or MOE for this fielding in the LGBTQ trend toplines.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Skipped/Refused
PRRIBathrooms & facilitiesdata flagAug 2016 – Aug 31, 2016 laws requiring restroom use matching sex assigned at birth ('bathroom bills')
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that require transgender individuals to use bathrooms that correspond to their sex at birth rather than their current gender identity
Base: PRRI publishes no per-wave n or MOE for this fielding in the LGBTQ trend toplines.
Wording notes: uses 'sex at birth' against 'current gender identity'policy stated as a restriction the respondent favors or opposes
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Skipped/Refused
PRRINondiscriminationdata flagDec 2015 – Dec 31, 2015 LGBT nondiscrimination protections in jobs, public accommodations and housing (item explicitly names transgender people)
Q12. Do you favor or oppose each of the following?
Laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations, and housing.
Base: Monthly AVA wave. PRRI publishes only the pooled annual AVA sample size and margin of error; per-wave n and MOE are not disclosed in the topline.
Wording notes: bundles transgender people with gay, lesbian and bisexual people in one itemthree policy domains combined in one question (jobs, public accommodations, housing)
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Favor
- Oppose
- Strongly oppose
- Skipped/Refused