Every question, with its verbatim wording, its toplines, and a link to the pollster’s own release. Filters combine; the
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Marquette Law School PollSportsAug 12–20, 2026transgender athletes and team eligibility
Do you think transgender athletes should be able to play on sports teams that match their current gender identity, or should they only be allowed to play on sports teams that match their birth gender?
Only on teams that match birth gender
76%
Able to play on teams that match identity
22%
Don't know
1%
Refused
1%
- Sample
- 891 registered voters · +/-4.0 (registered voters); +/-4.5 (likely voters); +/-5.7 (half-sample items, including this one)
- Method
- mixed-mode probability
- Where
- US: Wisconsin
- Source
- Pollster release↗(opens another site)
Full record · 8 subgroup figures
Base: The transgender-athletes item was asked of a random half-sample (n=445 of 891 registered voters; MOE +/-5.7 for half-sample items). Likely voters (n=738; half-sample 346) gave nearly identical answers and are not entered separately.
Wording notes: uses 'birth gender'half-sample item
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Able to play on teams that match identity
- Only on teams that match birth gender
- Don't know
- Refused
Marquette Law School PollSportsJul 22–29, 2026 reaction to the June 2026 Supreme Court decision upholding state bans on transgender girls and women in girls'/women's sports
Asked within Marquette's battery on recent Supreme Court decisions.
In June, the Supreme Court ruled that state laws that prohibit transgender girls and women from participating on girls' and women's sports teams do not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Base: 886 registered voters (MoE +/-3.5); 572 likely voters (+/-4.4); 451 Republicans (+/-4.9); 452 Democrats (+/-4.9); 172 independents (+/-7.9)
Wording notes: the stem announces the Court's holding before asking for an opinion, which introduces a status-quo/authority cue that typically raises agreementreported two-way with undecideds excluded'transgender girls and women' rather than a birth-sex framing - comparatively affirming language for this issue
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollPolitical salienceparaphrasedJul 22–29, 2026 news attention to the Supreme Court transgender sports case
[How much have you heard or read about this case?]
Base: 886 registered voters (MoE +/-3.5); 572 likely voters (+/-4.4); 451 Republicans (+/-4.9); 452 Democrats (+/-4.9); 172 independents (+/-7.9)
Wording notes: attention items are subject to over-reportingno 'not sure' option reported
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Heard or read a lot
- Heard or read a little
- Heard nothing at all
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careJul 22–29, 2026 Chiles v. Salazar (decided): favor/oppose the ruling that Colorado's conversion-therapy ban regulates speech by viewpoint
A Colorado law restricts mental health therapists from trying to change the gender identity or sexual orientation of clients under age 18, often called "conversion therapy." In March, the Supreme Court ruled that Colorado's law banning conversion therapy, as applied to talk therapy, regulates speech based on viewpoint, and the lower courts erred by failing to apply sufficiently rigorous First Amendment scrutiny. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Base: 886 registered voters (MoE +/-3.5); 572 likely voters (+/-4.4); 451 Republicans (+/-4.9); 452 Democrats (+/-4.9); 172 independents (+/-7.9)
Wording notes: dense First Amendment vocabulary ('regulates speech based on viewpoint', 'sufficiently rigorous First Amendment scrutiny')does not state what the practical effect on conversion-therapy bans would bedescribes the law as restricting therapists
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollPolitical salienceJul 22–29, 2026 how much heard or read about the Supreme Court decision on transgender athletes
[A Supreme Court decision that states can ban transgender athletes from participating on girls and women's teams] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Base: 886 registered voters (MoE +/-3.5); 572 likely voters (+/-4.4); 451 Republicans (+/-4.9); 452 Democrats (+/-4.9); 172 independents (+/-7.9)
Wording notes: the bracketed stimulus paraphrases the holding as 'states can ban transgender athletes from participating on girls and women's teams', which is blunter than the decision item's own wording
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- A lot
- A little
- Nothing at all
Marquette Law School PollSportsparaphrasedJul 22–29, 2026 state laws prohibiting transgender girls and women from girls'/women's teams
How much do you favor or oppose state laws prohibiting transgender girls and women from participating on girls' and women's sports teams?
Base: 886 registered voters (MoE +/-3.5); 572 likely voters (+/-4.4); 451 Republicans (+/-4.9); 452 Democrats (+/-4.9); 172 independents (+/-7.9)
Wording notes: uses 'transgender girls and women', not 'biological males'asks about state laws prohibiting participation, so favor = restrictiverestricted to girls'/women's teamslevel of sport not specifiedno middle option in the reported result
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollPolitical salienceparaphrasedJul 22–29, 2026 awareness of the Supreme Court decision allowing states to limit transgender athletes
How much have you heard or read about the decision that states can limit transgender athletes from playing on women's and girls' teams?
Base: 886 registered voters (MoE +/-3.5); 572 likely voters (+/-4.4); 451 Republicans (+/-4.9); 452 Democrats (+/-4.9); 172 independents (+/-7.9)
Wording notes: awareness/salience item, not an opinion item
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- A lot
- A little
- Nothing at all
Marquette Law School PollPolitical salienceJul 22–29, 2026 attention to the Supreme Court's trans-athletes decision
Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each?
Base: 886 registered voters (MoE +/-3.5); 572 likely voters (+/-4.4); 451 Republicans (+/-4.9); 452 Democrats (+/-4.9); 172 independents (+/-7.9)
Wording notes: attention item, not an attitude item
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- A lot
- A little
- Nothing at all
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careMay 20–26, 2026 Chiles v. Salazar (decided March 31, 2026): favor/oppose the ruling against Colorado's conversion-therapy law
A Colorado law restricts mental health therapists from trying to change the gender identity or sexual orientation of clients under age 18, often called "conversion therapy." On March 31, the Supreme Court ruled that the law, as it applies to talk therapy, likely is an unconstitutional violation of the therapist's right to free speech under the First Amendment, and not a permissible regulation of medical practice. The Court sent the case back to a lower court for reconsideration under a more speech friendly standard, hinting that the Colorado law likely would be found unconstitutional. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: long, multi-clause preamble describing the holding, the remand, and the Court's hint about the likely outcomethe phrase 'hinting that the Colorado law likely would be found unconstitutional' editorializes about the Court's signaldescribes the law as restricting therapists rather than as protecting minors
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollSportsMay 20–26, 2026 Little v. Hecox / West Virginia v. B.P.J. (argued): how should the Court rule on state bans
The Supreme Court heard arguments in a case asking whether state laws that prohibit transgender girls and women from participating on girls' and women's sports teams violate the Constitution's equal protection clause. How do you think the Supreme Court should rule?
Wording notes: asks for a constitutional outcome rather than a policy preferenceoptions are not linguistically parallel
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Rule that these state laws are constitutional
- Rule against these state laws as violations of the equal protection clause
- Web blank
Marquette Law School PollSportsJan 21–28, 2026 Little v. Hecox / West Virginia v. B.P.J. (argued): how should the Court rule on state bans
The Supreme Court heard arguments in a case asking whether state laws that prohibit transgender girls and women from participating on girls' and women's sports teams violate the Constitution's equal protection clause. How do you think the Supreme Court should rule?
Wording notes: asks for a constitutional outcome rather than a policy preferenceoptions are not linguistically parallel
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Rule that these state laws are constitutional
- Rule against these state laws as violations of the equal protection clause
- Web blank
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careNov 5–12, 2025 Chiles v. Salazar (pending): conversion-therapy restrictions as medical regulation vs. speech
More than 20 states restrict therapists from trying to change the gender identity or sexual orientation of clients under age 18, often called "conversion therapy." The Supreme Court recently heard arguments in a case asking whether such a law, as it applies to talk therapy, is about properly regulating medical treatment or impermissibly censoring speech. How do you think the Supreme Court should rule?
Wording notes: frames the choice as medical regulation vs. censorship, which are not obviously commensurablethe word 'censoring' is pejorative and appears only on the anti-ban sidedoes not tell respondents which side of the case each ruling favors
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Rule that the law is properly regulating medical treatment
- Rule against the law as impermissibly censoring speech
Marquette Law School PollNondiscriminationSep 15–24, 2025 Bostock v. Clayton County - workplace protections for gay and transgender workers
In 2020, the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: bundles sexual orientation and gender identity into one itemdescribes an existing Court holding rather than an abstract policy
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollSportsSep 15–24, 2025 Little v. Hecox / West Virginia v. B.P.J. (pending): how should the Court rule on state bans
The Supreme Court will hear arguments in a case asking whether state laws that prohibit transgender girls and women from participating on girls' and women's sports teams violate the Constitution's equal protection clause. How do you think the Supreme Court should rule?
Wording notes: asks for a predicted/preferred constitutional outcome rather than a policy preferencethe affirming option is stated in legal terms ('violations of the equal protection clause') while the restrictive option is the plain word 'constitutional'
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Rule that these state laws are constitutional
- Rule against these state laws as violations of the equal protection clause
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careJul 7–16, 2025 United States v. Skrmetti (decided): favor/oppose the Court upholding Tennessee's ban
In June, the Supreme Court upheld a Tennessee law that prohibits medical providers from prescribing puberty-delaying medication or performing gender transition surgery for youth under 18. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: describes the law by its two most restricted interventionsasks about a completed Court decision, which can attract status-quo deferenceMarquette states these items 'do not attempt to exactly frame the particular issues in specific cases but rather address the topic in more general terms'
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollLegal documents & IDsMay 5–15, 2025 Trump executive order defining sex as male/female only and requiring federal documents including passports to reflect birth sex - second fielding
Asked within a battery of favor/oppose items on Trump administration executive actions.
Do you favor or oppose President Trump's executive order requiring federal agencies to recognize biological sex as male or female only, eliminate references to gender identity in policies, and require federal documents, such as passports, to reflect biological sex, not gender identity?
Wording notes: bundles three distinct policy components into one item (binary sex recognition, removal of gender identity references from policy, document/passport markers)attributes the policy to President Trump by nameadopts the administration's own term 'biological sex'reported two-way with undecideds excludedMarquette's prose describes this as the order declaring it US policy 'to recognize two sexes, male and female' - a shorter characterization than the item actually asked
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollPolitical salienceMay 5–15, 2025 most important issue - recorded to document that transgender issues were NOT among the nine options Marquette offered
Which one of the following issues matters MOST to you right now?
Inflation and the cost of living
36%
Threats to democracy
19%
The economy
13%
Medicare & Social Security
10%
Immigration and border security
9%
The size of the federal deficit
4%
Health care
3%
Abortion policy
2%
Foreign policy
2%
Don't know
3%
- Sample
- 1,004 adults · +/- 3.6 percentage points
- Method
- probability panel
- Where
- US national
- Source
- Pollster release↗(opens another site)PDF, external
Full record
Wording notes: CLOSED list - transgender issues, gender identity and LGBTQ policy are absent from the option set entirelya closed most-important-issue list cannot measure the salience of an issue it does not offer, so this item establishes an upper bound only by omissionrecorded here as a null/absence finding: no percentage for transgender issues exists in this poll because the option was never presented
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Inflation and the cost of living
- Threats to democracy
- The economy
- Medicare & Social Security
- Immigration and border security
- The size of the federal deficit
- Health care
- Abortion policy
- Foreign policy
- Don't know
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careMay 5–15, 2025 United States v. Skrmetti (pending): how should the Court rule on Tennessee's ban
[In December, the Supreme Court heard arguments challenging a Tennessee law that prohibits medical providers from prescribing puberty-delaying medication or performing gender transition surgery for youth under 18.]
[In December, the Supreme Court heard arguments challenging a Tennessee law that prohibits medical providers from prescribing puberty-delaying medication or performing gender transition surgery for youth under 18.] How do you think the Court should rule?
Wording notes: describes the law by its two most restricted interventions'uphold' vs 'overturn' framing rather than substantive policy alternatives
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Uphold the Tennessee law
- Overturn the law
Marquette Law School PollNondiscriminationMar 17–27, 2025 Bostock v. Clayton County - workplace protections for gay and transgender workers
In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: bundles sexual orientation and gender identity into one itemdescribes an existing Court holding rather than an abstract policy
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careMar 17–27, 2025 United States v. Skrmetti (pending): how should the Court rule on Tennessee's ban
[In December, the Supreme Court heard arguments challenging a Tennessee law that prohibits medical providers from prescribing puberty-delaying medication or performing gender transition surgery for youth under 18.]
[In December, the Supreme Court heard arguments challenging a Tennessee law that prohibits medical providers from prescribing puberty-delaying medication or performing gender transition surgery for youth under 18.] How do you think the Court should rule?
Wording notes: describes the law by its two most restricted interventions'uphold' vs 'overturn' framing rather than substantive policy alternativesno 'don't know' offered in the reported topline
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Uphold the Tennessee law
- Overturn the law
Marquette Law School PollLegal documents & IDsJan 27, 2025 – Feb 5, 2025 Trump executive order defining sex as male/female only and requiring federal documents including passports to reflect birth sex
Asked within a battery of favor/oppose items on early Trump administration executive actions.
Do you favor or oppose President Trump's executive order requiring federal agencies to recognize biological sex as male or female only, eliminate references to gender identity in policies, and require federal documents, such as passports, to reflect biological sex, not gender identity?
Wording notes: bundles three distinct policy components into one item (binary sex recognition, removal of gender identity references from policy, document/passport markers)attributes the policy to President Trump by name, inviting partisan cue-takingadopts the administration's own term 'biological sex'reported two-way with undecideds excluded
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollNondiscriminationDec 2–11, 2024 Bostock v. Clayton County - workplace protections for gay and transgender workers
In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: bundles sexual orientation and gender identity into one itemdescribes an existing Court holding rather than an abstract policy
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollSportsDec 2–11, 2024 policy proposal: require transgender athletes to compete on teams matching sex assigned at birth (4-point)
[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Wording notes: uses 'the sex they were assigned at birth'restrictive alternative is the only one stated
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careDec 2–11, 2024 policy proposal: ban gender-affirming care such as hormone therapy or surgery for minors under 18 (4-point)
[Ban "gender-affirming" care such as hormone therapy or surgery for transgender minors under 18] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Wording notes: scare quotes around "gender-affirming"names hormone therapy and surgery but not puberty blockersrestrictive alternative is the only one stated
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollSportsDec 2–11, 2024 requiring trans athletes to compete on teams matching sex assigned at birth
Do you favor or oppose each of the following policies?
Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with
Wording notes: uses 'sex they were assigned at birth'uses 'transgender athletes' (not 'biological males')no middle option offeredlevel of sport not specified
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careDec 2–11, 2024 ban on gender-affirming care for minors
Do you favor or oppose each of the following policies?
Ban "gender-affirming" care such as hormone therapy or surgery for transgender minors under 18
Wording notes: puts 'gender-affirming' in scare quotesno middle option offered
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careDec 2–11, 2024 under 18; 'gender-affirming' care in scare quotes, exemplified as hormone therapy or surgery; BAN framing as a policy proposal
Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose? [item] Ban "gender-affirming" care such as hormone therapy or surgery for transgender minors under 18
Wording notes: places 'gender-affirming' in scare quotes, signaling distance from the term inside the stimulusbundles hormone therapy with surgeryBAN direction (favor = restrict)no middle option publishedasked in a battery alongside a trans-athletes item and a parental-medical-decision item
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollNondiscriminationdata flagFeb 5–15, 2024 Bostock v. Clayton County - workplace protections for gay and transgender workers
In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: bundles sexual orientation and gender identity into one itemdescribes an existing Court holding rather than an abstract policy
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollNondiscriminationNov 2–7, 2023 Bostock v. Clayton County - workplace protections for gay and transgender workers
In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: bundles sexual orientation and gender identity into one itemdescribes an existing Court holding rather than an abstract policy
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollNondiscriminationSep 18–25, 2023 Bostock v. Clayton County - workplace protections for gay and transgender workers
In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: bundles sexual orientation and gender identity into one itemdescribes an existing Court holding rather than an abstract policy
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollSportsSep 18–25, 2023 policy proposal: require transgender athletes to compete on teams matching sex assigned at birth (4-point version)
[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Wording notes: uses 'the sex they were assigned at birth'restrictive alternative is the only one statedfour-point version of the same proposal asked as a two-point item in March and July 2023
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollNondiscriminationJul 7–12, 2023 Bostock v. Clayton County - workplace protections for gay and transgender workers
In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: bundles sexual orientation and gender identity into one itemdescribes an existing Court holding rather than an abstract policy
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollGeneral acceptanceJul 7–12, 2023 perceived direction of Supreme Court rulings on LGBT people's rights over 15 years
[Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Wording notes: group label explicitly includes transgender peopleitem is about perception of the Court, not the respondent's own policy view
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Expanded rights
- Reduced rights
- Has not changed much either way
Marquette Law School PollSportsJul 7–12, 2023 policy proposal: require transgender athletes to compete on teams matching sex assigned at birth
[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Wording notes: uses 'the sex they were assigned at birth'restrictive alternative is the only one statedno middle option
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollYouth medical careJul 7–12, 2023 policy proposal: ban gender-affirming care such as hormone therapy or surgery for minors under 18
[Ban "gender-affirming" care such as hormone therapy or surgery for transgender minors under 18] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Wording notes: scare quotes around "gender-affirming"names hormone therapy and surgery but not puberty blockersrestrictive alternative is the only one statedno middle option
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollSportsMay 8–18, 2023 requiring trans athletes to compete on teams matching sex assigned at birth
Do you favor or oppose each of the following policies?
Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with
Wording notes: uses 'sex they were assigned at birth'uses 'transgender athletes' (not 'biological males')no middle option offeredlevel of sport not specifiedpolicy framed as a requirement/restriction, favor = restrictive
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollNondiscriminationMar 13–22, 2023 Bostock v. Clayton County - workplace protections for gay and transgender workers
In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: bundles sexual orientation and gender identity into one itemdescribes an existing Court holding rather than an abstract policy
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollSportsMar 13–22, 2023 policy proposal: require transgender athletes to compete on teams matching sex assigned at birth
[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Wording notes: uses 'the sex they were assigned at birth'restrictive alternative is the only one statedno middle option
Response options as the pollster wrote them
Marquette Law School PollNondiscriminationNov 15–22, 2022 Bostock v. Clayton County - workplace protections for gay and transgender workers
In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Wording notes: bundles sexual orientation and gender identity into one itemdescribes an existing Court holding rather than an abstract policy
Response options as the pollster wrote them
- Strongly favor
- Somewhat favor
- Somewhat oppose
- Strongly oppose
Marquette Law School PollSportsNov 15–22, 2022 congressional agenda item: ban transgender athletes from sports competition
[Ban transgender athletes from sports competition] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
Wording notes: blanket ban with no age, level or sex qualifierno middle optionembedded in a list of congressional agenda items
Response options as the pollster wrote them